Crypto Glossary(A-E)

An attack on blockchain by a group of miners controlling more than 50% of network hash rate.

A cc0 NFT is a piece of digital content where the IP rights have been relinquished.

Actively validated services in crypto refer to blockchain network validators that actively participate in the network's consensus mechanism by verifying and validating transactions. They play a critical role in maintaining the security and integrity of the blockchain by confirming the validity of transactions and blocks. ie. public chain's PoS system

Delegation of a wallet's stake to a Super Staker

A way to promote cryptocurrencies by sending some free tokens to traders.

Algorithm is a set of rules to follow to solve a problem or conduct a task.

Algorithmic stablecoins are tokens pegged to a fiat currency which is usually the US dollar, purely through software and specific conditions.

All-Time-High, the highest point (in price, in market capitalization) that a cryptocurrency has been in history.

All-Time-Low, the lowest point (in price, in market capitalization) that a cryptocurrency has been in history.

Coins althernative to Bitcoin

It is a software that acts like an intermediary or a bridge that lets two applications talk to each other. It is the one that lets applications, data and devices interact.

Refers to specialized computers that are made to do a very specific task (eg. calculate hashes for Bitcoin's Proof-of-Work)

A term used to describe cryptocurrency proof-of-work protocols that are resistant to Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), by packing in various parameters that make it difficult for ASICs to have a competitive edge against consumer hardwares.

Ask me anything refers to actions where individuals of certain profession (eg. fireman, nurse, journalists) or company (eg. CEO of Tesla) conduct a session for users to ask them questions.

Atomic Swap refers to the exchange of cryptocurrencies that operate in different block chains without intermediaries.

A protective mechanism implemented by Bitcoin Cash Developers to protect against replay attacks. A replay attack is when hackers intercept sensitive information and manipulate the information to steal funds.

Bakkt is a company developed by the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), owner of the New York Stock Exchange. It specializes in Futures/Options contracts for cryptocurrencies.

A Batch Auction distributes an amount of tokens to users that is proportional to their contribution to the pool.

A term used to indicate negative sentiment towards the market or an asset, where investors believe that there will be downward price movement.

Contrary to bull market, it indicates the direction of the market going for downward trend.

A machine from which you can buy or sell Bitcoin. Typically also offers different types of cryptocurrencies.

Individuals who are passionate about Bitcoin, and are dedicated in spreading knowlege about Bitcoin.

Refers to improvement proposals for Bitcoin, used to introduce features or any updates on the Bitcoin network.

Refers to the business license issued by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSDFS) to companies dealing with Cryptocurrencies (subject to certain exceptions) in New York.

In the context of blockchain, block refers to the collection of transactional data or information that are bundled together in a predetermined size.

In Bitcoin's case, blockchain describes its decentralized, public ledger which contains transactional information.

Refers to the number of confirmation a particular block has. Each block ahead of the referenced block adds one block confirmation to it.

Application or websites which display information such as status of transactions or data contained in a block of a given public blockchain network.

A number that is used to indicated the position of a particular block within a blockchain.

One of the mechanisms built into a blockchain to incentivize validators

In context of trading, the term bloodbath is commonly used to describe a market which is on a downtrend with many assets suffering from value depreciation.

Refers to software or programmes that automatically trade based on preset behaviours.

Public tasks available for anyone for a reward.

An advice for investors to contribute new projects on blockchain rather than holding cryptocurrencies and waiting for the price to increase.

A term used to indicate positive sentiment towards the market or an asset, where investors believe that there will be upward price movement.

A bull market indicates the direction of the market going in an upward trend.

Tokens which have been sent to addresses whose private key are not known, effectively becoming unusable.

On-chain buy or sell tax rate where a percentage of the tokens bought/sold will be transferred to a set address.

An encouraging rally by asset/cryptocurrency supporters to buy during a price decline.

Anomalously large buy order(s) at a single price point that reflects as a "wall" in the order book.

A byzantine fault is where an error has occured, yet a computer system does not know due which component/what failed to the lack of information and continues to iterate on a given instruction.

A term used to describe the situation a single strategy which requires consensus from all members within a group who cannot be trusted or verified.

It is a digital fiat currency issued by the central banks, contrary to cryptocurrency that issued by non-legislative party.

An organization structure wherein a small handful of actors have control over the entire network.

Central data repository of a company or bank

An approximation of the number of coins or tokens that are currently not locked and available for public transactions.

Mining on blockchains through rented processing power rented from companies that host the physical equipment.

Offline storage of cryptocurrencies which is arguably safer as they also require physical access (eg. hardware wallet, paper wallets).

Wallets that are offline and require physical access to certain devices (eg. hardware wallet, paper wallets)

A collateralized debt obligation (CDO) is a form of derivative in which the value is generated from another underlying asset, and is sold to institutional investors.

Composability refers to the ability to combine different components of a software stack.

Consensus is achieved in a blockchain system when all participants agree on the content of the next block that will be added onto the blockchain.

This type of auction has a fixed price per token that is sold on a first-come-first-serve basis.

It is a speculation in the cryptocurrencies and the price of cryptocurrencies would go extremely high before the bubble bursts.

A form of digital currency that utilizes cryptographic protocols to record ownership and prevent counterfeiting

The Cryptocurrency Act of 2020 is a bill which aims to clarify which federal agencies would regulate which type of crypto assets.

A discipline or field of study which practices using cryptography to convert human-readable information that can only be deciphered by individuals who have the knowledge to.

Protective care or guardianship of an asset.

On a blockchain, users interact with one another through their addresses, and daily active addresses (DAA) refers to the number of addresses which fulfills the defined activity parameter on a given blockchain.

In the context of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, the term "data availability layer" typically refers to a critical component in the design of blockchain networks, especially those using sharding or similar scaling solutions. This layer is essential for ensuring that data associated with transactions and smart contracts is readily available and can be efficiently retrieved and verified by network participants.

Price rally that is short lived after a prolonged decline. Price charts will show a recovery in anticipation of a market turnaround only to decline further.

A system where there are no centralized points of failure or organization with no central authority figure.

Applications that run on decentralized peer-to-peer networks such as Ethereum.

Open source and decentralized systems that do not require centralized operators or controllers.

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) refers to the movement of building decentralized financial applications that have no central authority and is censorship free.

The process of decrypting data that was previously encrypted (made unreable) back to a readable form.

Cryptotrading without Due Diligence and research - basically gambling

A consensus mechanism where selected members of a network are voted as delegates to validate transactions and produce blocks on a blockchain.

A financial instrument which derives its value from the performance of an underlying asset or index (eg. gold, crude oil)

A market for derivatives which are instruments such as futures or options whose value is derived from an underlying asset.

A relative measure on how difficult it is to correctly guess a new block.

Directed acyclic graphs refers to a data structure that is built in one single direction, yet branches out and never repeats.

A common cyber-attack tactic where a perpetrator diverts large amounts of traffic towards a particular network or service in an effort to disrupt normal services.

Ledgers whose data is stored and synced across a network of nodes.

Describes the technology that enables distributed ledger.

Typically refers to Bitcoins' market capitalization dominance.

Double spending refers to the act of spending digital currencies twice. This is most commonly applied on crypto exchanges by unscrupulous actors.

An advice for investors to do their own research on the coins they wanted to invest in.

A common term used to describe downward market movement, or to describe the action of selling an individuals holdings.

A new form of malicious activity in which hackers and scammers attempt to undermine the privacy of cryptocurrency users by sending little amounts of money to their wallets.

A Dutch Auction, also know as an "inverted" auction, starts off with high asking price that decays over time until a pre-determined floor price.

Refers to improvement proposals for Ethereum, used to introduce features or any updates on the Ethereum network.

The speed/rate at which new coins are minted and released as dictated by the protocols written.

In cryptography, encryption is a process of encoding information the original form of information called plaintext via an algorithm called cipher. The encrypted message is now called ciphertext. Only authorized parties can decipher the ciphertext and convert back it to the original plaintext.

Enterprise Ethereum Alliance is made up for a group of Ethereum developers, corporations as well as startups who are collaborating to find ways to use Ethereum for business applications.

ERC-1155 token standard allows each token ID to represent both non-fungible (NFTs) and fungible tokens which may have their metadata, token supply and other attributes.

ERC-20 is one of the most widely used token standards in Ethereum to create fungible, exchangeable tokens.

ERC-721 is one of the most widely used token standards in Ethereum to create non-fungible, exchangeable tokens.

Ethereum Name Service (ENS) is a look-up service that allows Ethereum users to find websites or send and receive funds via simple names.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is the environment in which all smart contracts are executed.

An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a form of security that tracks a collection of securites such as stocks, bonds, index or cryptocurrency but tradeable like a single stock.

To explain in such simple terms that even a five-year-old would be able to understand it.

Externally owned accounts (EOAs) are accounts that are controlled by a private key and have no coding associated with them.